What is 3D printing?
3D printing technology was invented by Chuck Hull, an American engineer. He initially called the new stereolithography process, and patented in 1986. It was a technique that linked molecules using laser light to form polymers in solid forms.
When it was introduced, industries such as auto manufacturing used to what became known as rapid prototyping. The advantage is that there are no molds were necessary, and there was no waste, unlike the milling, where a shape has been cut and the material was cast around it. In 3D printing, the objects are built layer by layer. The idea comes from printing with ink, which is on top of the paper. If the process was repeated over and over again, but with stronger materials and a slight shift to create movements in layers, 3D printing effect would take place.
materials now used in the range of processes from synthetic resins and most common plastics to steel and concrete. Some are experimenting with natural materials such as bamboo, wood and natural stone waste. Smaller versions of 3D printers are now finding their way into the studios of designers, schools and private homes.
But some synthetic materials used for printing are suspected of emitting toxins. During an experiment, a doctoral student at the University of California, Riverside found that his zebra fish die in the container it had printed. A research team then tested the products of two 3D printers most commonly discovered two levels of toxicity were quite alarming. Researchers around the world are working to find safe and technical materials and caution that printers should be used in well ventilated areas.
3D printing technology was invented by Chuck Hull, an American engineer. He initially called the new stereolithography process, and patented in 1986. It was a technique that linked molecules using laser light to form polymers in solid forms.
When it was introduced, industries such as auto manufacturing used to what became known as rapid prototyping. The advantage is that there are no molds were necessary, and there was no waste, unlike the milling, where a shape has been cut and the material was cast around it. In 3D printing, the objects are built layer by layer. The idea comes from printing with ink, which is on top of the paper. If the process was repeated over and over again, but with stronger materials and a slight shift to create movements in layers, 3D printing effect would take place.
materials now used in the range of processes from synthetic resins and most common plastics to steel and concrete. Some are experimenting with natural materials such as bamboo, wood and natural stone waste. Smaller versions of 3D printers are now finding their way into the studios of designers, schools and private homes.
But some synthetic materials used for printing are suspected of emitting toxins. During an experiment, a doctoral student at the University of California, Riverside found that his zebra fish die in the container it had printed. A research team then tested the products of two 3D printers most commonly discovered two levels of toxicity were quite alarming. Researchers around the world are working to find safe and technical materials and caution that printers should be used in well ventilated areas.
Take 3D printing to the extreme in China
China is a country where superlatives are considered signs of progress. So it therefore not be surprising that the largest printed architectural object was created in China. Vulcan, a pavilion (seen in this image), was revealed to visitors from around the world during Beijing Design Week 2015. It was designed by Xu Feng Yu Lei and architects. However, it was not printed in one piece. Its curved shape was assembled from individual components of 1023; It is 8.08m long and 2.88m high, all produced by a printer.
Although this achievement was rewarded with an entry in Guinness World Records , it also shows the limits of 3D printing technology today to print entire houses, printers should be gigantic or run on huge scaffolding. Scale is why 3D printing is still in its infancy where architecture is concerned.
China is a country where superlatives are considered signs of progress. So it therefore not be surprising that the largest printed architectural object was created in China. Vulcan, a pavilion (seen in this image), was revealed to visitors from around the world during Beijing Design Week 2015. It was designed by Xu Feng Yu Lei and architects. However, it was not printed in one piece. Its curved shape was assembled from individual components of 1023; It is 8.08m long and 2.88m high, all produced by a printer.
Although this achievement was rewarded with an entry in Guinness World Records , it also shows the limits of 3D printing technology today to print entire houses, printers should be gigantic or run on huge scaffolding. Scale is why 3D printing is still in its infancy where architecture is concerned.
Going for the full house ...
in Amsterdam, though, DUS Architects is in the process of printing a canal house, layer by layer, using bioplastics made from 80% vegetable oil . The project , which aims to be renewable and sustainable, is expected to be completed in 2017.
"There are also houses being printed in China," said Dr. Jane Burry, Associate Professor spatial information laboratory architecture at RMIT in Melbourne, "although [they are] relatively crude at this point."
it refers to a project by the Chinese company Winsun who printed houses made from concrete and recycled building materials in China is one of the most cited examples in this context the manufacturer indicates considerable savings.. 60% less material 70% less time and 80% less work compared to building an average home. the printer is set up in a factory and a gigantic proportions :. 6.1m high x 10.1m wide x 40.2 long-M
in Amsterdam, though, DUS Architects is in the process of printing a canal house, layer by layer, using bioplastics made from 80% vegetable oil . The project , which aims to be renewable and sustainable, is expected to be completed in 2017.
"There are also houses being printed in China," said Dr. Jane Burry, Associate Professor spatial information laboratory architecture at RMIT in Melbourne, "although [they are] relatively crude at this point."
it refers to a project by the Chinese company Winsun who printed houses made from concrete and recycled building materials in China is one of the most cited examples in this context the manufacturer indicates considerable savings.. 60% less material 70% less time and 80% less work compared to building an average home. the printer is set up in a factory and a gigantic proportions :. 6.1m high x 10.1m wide x 40.2 long-M
... or hit the construction to low
"the question is how you define 3D printing, said Benedikt Hotze, media and communications consultant for the Bund Deutscher Architekten (Association of German architects). When asked his personal opinion of experts on 3D printing architecture, it is less euphoric. "The idea of printing houses in one go is a childish fantasy; it will not happen. What will happen, however, is that we have numerically controlled fabrication of construction elements in a plant that will then be transported to the construction site. The often-cited examples of China seem to be excess in the competition for the most attention.
Burry RMIT Professor said: "The real strength of the printing is to design and custom rather than mass production variety. So at RMIT over watching us closely to the metal printing and how to optimize the structural design node can be custom printed for certain aspects of the structure of a building. Reducing materials in the node, you can reduce weight and substructure to support the construction and save energy. This is a huge advantage of 3D printing because it can be very expensive to produce these structures by other means, such as casting, and you can even print single parts for repairs and restoration.
HOTZE concerns enthusiasm for print houses with pragmatism, "it reminds me of manned space travel - it's doable, but not necessary. To date, Omega creates publicity for his watch Speedmaster around the fact that he was on the moon.
The British architecture firm Foster & Partners, in collaboration with the European Space Agency, could disagree with Hotze about trips to the moon, however, as they develop ideas for 3D printing of a lunar base station for a project called Lunar Habitation, which they hope will be completed as soon as 2024.
"the question is how you define 3D printing, said Benedikt Hotze, media and communications consultant for the Bund Deutscher Architekten (Association of German architects). When asked his personal opinion of experts on 3D printing architecture, it is less euphoric. "The idea of printing houses in one go is a childish fantasy; it will not happen. What will happen, however, is that we have numerically controlled fabrication of construction elements in a plant that will then be transported to the construction site. The often-cited examples of China seem to be excess in the competition for the most attention.
Burry RMIT Professor said: "The real strength of the printing is to design and custom rather than mass production variety. So at RMIT over watching us closely to the metal printing and how to optimize the structural design node can be custom printed for certain aspects of the structure of a building. Reducing materials in the node, you can reduce weight and substructure to support the construction and save energy. This is a huge advantage of 3D printing because it can be very expensive to produce these structures by other means, such as casting, and you can even print single parts for repairs and restoration.
HOTZE concerns enthusiasm for print houses with pragmatism, "it reminds me of manned space travel - it's doable, but not necessary. To date, Omega creates publicity for his watch Speedmaster around the fact that he was on the moon.
The British architecture firm Foster & Partners, in collaboration with the European Space Agency, could disagree with Hotze about trips to the moon, however, as they develop ideas for 3D printing of a lunar base station for a project called Lunar Habitation, which they hope will be completed as soon as 2024.
Back on earth ...
Although not quite as ambitious as the lunar base project of Foster & Partners, the project construction of a bridge in Amsterdam, where Joris Laarman designer working with MX3D, a developer of steel printers, CAD and Autodesk developer, is certainly prestigious.
Although this suggests the steel bridge is being built locally on channel Oudezijds Achterburgwal, it really is being manufactured in a room. The bridge was printing MX3D since autumn 2015. It is a process of trial and error of trying to find ways to print the entire structure in one piece. Printing is scheduled to be completed in 2017. It was then the first fully functional bridge in printed steel is intended to be installed on-site -. Another race for a world record
Although not quite as ambitious as the lunar base project of Foster & Partners, the project construction of a bridge in Amsterdam, where Joris Laarman designer working with MX3D, a developer of steel printers, CAD and Autodesk developer, is certainly prestigious.
Although this suggests the steel bridge is being built locally on channel Oudezijds Achterburgwal, it really is being manufactured in a room. The bridge was printing MX3D since autumn 2015. It is a process of trial and error of trying to find ways to print the entire structure in one piece. Printing is scheduled to be completed in 2017. It was then the first fully functional bridge in printed steel is intended to be installed on-site -. Another race for a world record
This small sample shows that all the steel bridge will look like once 3D printing is done. Two advantages of the printing steel are that the forms may be more organic fluid and that in the normal production and that the molds are not required, which reduces cost.
Read expert advice on how to design a loft which is more of a box on a roof
Read expert advice on how to design a loft which is more of a box on a roof
WASProject
concrete printing with grace in Italy
in a collaboration between the University of Naples and technology company advanced WASP (Advanced Project Saving the world), the beauty of Italian architecture is combined with a modular system of technical construction.
WASP was founded in 2012 by the Italian entrepreneur Massimo Moretti and pushes sustainable construction methods and internal manufacturing processes. With the University of Naples, they developed concrete support that could be printed on a 3D printer and used in construction projects.
Domenico Asprone (photo), Assistant Professor in Structural Engineering Department, University of Naples, was the construction engineer for the project. "Our idea is to print a curved concrete beam optimizing the amount of concrete and reduce costs for complex formwork systems, he said. "The approach is based on the partition of the concrete beam segments to be printed separately and then assembled into a single monolithic element and the steel reinforcing system, as in a Lego structure. The approach should facilitate the production of curved elements with varying cross-sections, based on the common concrete casting process and thus stimulate the creativity of structural engineers
in a collaboration between the University of Naples and technology company advanced WASP (Advanced Project Saving the world), the beauty of Italian architecture is combined with a modular system of technical construction.
WASP was founded in 2012 by the Italian entrepreneur Massimo Moretti and pushes sustainable construction methods and internal manufacturing processes. With the University of Naples, they developed concrete support that could be printed on a 3D printer and used in construction projects.
Domenico Asprone (photo), Assistant Professor in Structural Engineering Department, University of Naples, was the construction engineer for the project. "Our idea is to print a curved concrete beam optimizing the amount of concrete and reduce costs for complex formwork systems, he said. "The approach is based on the partition of the concrete beam segments to be printed separately and then assembled into a single monolithic element and the steel reinforcing system, as in a Lego structure. The approach should facilitate the production of curved elements with varying cross-sections, based on the common concrete casting process and thus stimulate the creativity of structural engineers
WASProject
'The bundle is printed in individual pieces. Once the concrete pieces are hardened steel rebar (reinforcing steel) are installed externally to strengthen the beam and lock the pieces into a monolithic element, "says Asprone.
Meanwhile, WASP experts have already printed a 3.2m reinforced concrete beam. To this end, using a concrete of low viscosity. "We are standing on the shoulders of more than a century of history of concrete technology. We're just adapting this technology for 3D printing. We use the cement and other binders, such as versions or geopolymers that are waterproof and can be used for the clay-based water waste systems ecofriendly ".
The next step for WASP? There are plans to print a bridge similar to that Laarman pedestrian works in the Netherlands, but it will be made of concrete.
Meanwhile, WASP experts have already printed a 3.2m reinforced concrete beam. To this end, using a concrete of low viscosity. "We are standing on the shoulders of more than a century of history of concrete technology. We're just adapting this technology for 3D printing. We use the cement and other binders, such as versions or geopolymers that are waterproof and can be used for the clay-based water waste systems ecofriendly ".
The next step for WASP? There are plans to print a bridge similar to that Laarman pedestrian works in the Netherlands, but it will be made of concrete.
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ornamental details of Russia
like the Italian company WASP, Russian manufacturing company Specavia uses 3D printers concrete in building construction. Its main customers are under construction, and CEO Alexander Maslov speaks complex building elements printers are already able to create.
"Printers of the 06044 series can print construction of individual components of a length of up to 12.3. It is quite sufficient for printing complex forms for all kinds of towers, arches, dwarf walls and other decorative items for home. We print various decorative landscaping elements, even a small pond and the city children. The printer can be used for printing stoves, fireplaces, barbecue sets and other flame retardants using mixtures of kaolin, he said.
Learn how a reconfigured staircase can unlock your inner
like the Italian company WASP, Russian manufacturing company Specavia uses 3D printers concrete in building construction. Its main customers are under construction, and CEO Alexander Maslov speaks complex building elements printers are already able to create.
"Printers of the 06044 series can print construction of individual components of a length of up to 12.3. It is quite sufficient for printing complex forms for all kinds of towers, arches, dwarf walls and other decorative items for home. We print various decorative landscaping elements, even a small pond and the city children. The printer can be used for printing stoves, fireplaces, barbecue sets and other flame retardants using mixtures of kaolin, he said.
Learn how a reconfigured staircase can unlock your inner
ЗАО "СПЕЦАВИА» 3D печать зданий
Maslov said that from a technical point of view, it would be possible to print entire houses, but remains pragmatic. "Obviously, we talk about the printing of individual components and assemble them on site, he said. "The advantage of this method is that you can manufacture within, eliminating temperature changes, humidity, etc. The disadvantages are the cost of transportation and increased construction time. In addition, the assembly of individual elements is a technological process that requires new strengthening solutions.
Despite seeing themselves as pragmatic and not think too far, the assumption is that Maslov construction techniques like those he employs will be integrated into the regular construction in some years.
An innovative approach to the future of Germany
Professor Achim Menges is the director of the renowned Institute for Computational Design at the University of Stuttgart. The opportunities of the real world to the new technology is already here and inherent in its research projects. He knows innovation is an invitation to leave behind old patterns of thought. "First, you use the new technology to build objects in the traditional way, as shown in the example of China, where they build traditional houses with 3D printers. Designs and constructions that are truly specific to the new process are not created until the second stage. "
This means, for example, that" 3D printing will make the geometric complexity in the construction possible without much effort or additional expense. This knowledge in turn informs the design process, "says Menges. Just as the development of new 3D and static software changed the aesthetics of architecture, so that could 3D printing.
In addition, printed components can physically have more layers.
"We will have the ability to create very complex building elements with gradient characteristics. Components could be soft and hard on one end to the other because of the different printing materials used in printing with a multi-material printer "Menges said.
Despite seeing themselves as pragmatic and not think too far, the assumption is that Maslov construction techniques like those he employs will be integrated into the regular construction in some years.
An innovative approach to the future of Germany
Professor Achim Menges is the director of the renowned Institute for Computational Design at the University of Stuttgart. The opportunities of the real world to the new technology is already here and inherent in its research projects. He knows innovation is an invitation to leave behind old patterns of thought. "First, you use the new technology to build objects in the traditional way, as shown in the example of China, where they build traditional houses with 3D printers. Designs and constructions that are truly specific to the new process are not created until the second stage. "
This means, for example, that" 3D printing will make the geometric complexity in the construction possible without much effort or additional expense. This knowledge in turn informs the design process, "says Menges. Just as the development of new 3D and static software changed the aesthetics of architecture, so that could 3D printing.
In addition, printed components can physically have more layers.
"We will have the ability to create very complex building elements with gradient characteristics. Components could be soft and hard on one end to the other because of the different printing materials used in printing with a multi-material printer "Menges said.
The buildings that can think?
At this time, the teacher develops Menges Stuttgart construction elements that can change shape, mirroring nature. "Just think pinecones: when they are on the tree, their scales are closed; once they fall to the ground and dry, the scales open. We can mimic this effect with 3D printing using different materials, soft and hard, which react differently to environmental conditions such as moisture. This way, we can manufacture building components that adjust to climate change without the need for mechanical or digital controls. "(This image shows such a prototype.)
Many people even take this idea a step further. "We talk about the industry 4.0, equivalent to a fourth industrial revolution, 'said Menges, an interpenetration of matter and the digital world through the so-called cyber-physical systems." These software connection with mechanical and electronic components via a data infrastructure like the Internet (the slogan "Internet of Things"). This type of construction technology would change the way we live, and our everyday world, completely.
At this time, the teacher develops Menges Stuttgart construction elements that can change shape, mirroring nature. "Just think pinecones: when they are on the tree, their scales are closed; once they fall to the ground and dry, the scales open. We can mimic this effect with 3D printing using different materials, soft and hard, which react differently to environmental conditions such as moisture. This way, we can manufacture building components that adjust to climate change without the need for mechanical or digital controls. "(This image shows such a prototype.)
Many people even take this idea a step further. "We talk about the industry 4.0, equivalent to a fourth industrial revolution, 'said Menges, an interpenetration of matter and the digital world through the so-called cyber-physical systems." These software connection with mechanical and electronic components via a data infrastructure like the Internet (the slogan "Internet of Things"). This type of construction technology would change the way we live, and our everyday world, completely.
therefore, we should feel euphoria or caution?
fans of the new technology has put us on the threshold of a new era. If technology is shared and becomes accessible to everyone - which is known as the open hardware - 3D printing could change the world. product manufacturing might move into the living room and there would be less pollution because of reduced freight needs.
But in terms of architecture, project size continues to be an obstacle and materials needed in the construction industry are still being developed for printing. Security issues must also be considered.
Dr. Jane Burry proposes another competitor for the building construction industry. "I imagine 3D printing to come in parallel with other technologies in the next 10 years, but I put my money on solid wood construction as the next big trend." Cross-laminated wood is like on plywood steroids, according Burry, a bit like concrete that it can be used to build the entire structure of a house in the form of slabs, rather than having to build an internal framework. this means the houses can be built potentially faster and cheaper. "This does not mean that these technologies can not move forward in parallel," she adds. "in fact, we can even 3D printing with wood based materials.
There is still much to explore. We may not be 3D printing houses on the moon any time soon, but the technique will definitely make the most complex geometries, with construction elements that can adapt climate change and building components that are assembled from a variety of materials. We can not wait to see what the next development will be.
Tell us ...
Have you had an experience with 3D printing? Share your thoughts on the process and its possible future use in the comments below.
fans of the new technology has put us on the threshold of a new era. If technology is shared and becomes accessible to everyone - which is known as the open hardware - 3D printing could change the world. product manufacturing might move into the living room and there would be less pollution because of reduced freight needs.
But in terms of architecture, project size continues to be an obstacle and materials needed in the construction industry are still being developed for printing. Security issues must also be considered.
Dr. Jane Burry proposes another competitor for the building construction industry. "I imagine 3D printing to come in parallel with other technologies in the next 10 years, but I put my money on solid wood construction as the next big trend." Cross-laminated wood is like on plywood steroids, according Burry, a bit like concrete that it can be used to build the entire structure of a house in the form of slabs, rather than having to build an internal framework. this means the houses can be built potentially faster and cheaper. "This does not mean that these technologies can not move forward in parallel," she adds. "in fact, we can even 3D printing with wood based materials.
There is still much to explore. We may not be 3D printing houses on the moon any time soon, but the technique will definitely make the most complex geometries, with construction elements that can adapt climate change and building components that are assembled from a variety of materials. We can not wait to see what the next development will be.
Tell us ...
Have you had an experience with 3D printing? Share your thoughts on the process and its possible future use in the comments below.
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